太阳能固体吸附式制冷技术的研究与进展

指出了太阳能吸附式制冷是极具发展前途的绿色环保、节能的制冷技术，为当前制冷技术研究中的热点和焦点。综合介绍了太阳能固体吸附式制冷技术的原理、现状、存在的问题及其解决的措施，并对其应用前景作了分析和展望。     

Ecological consequences of variation in standard metabolism and dominance among salmon parr

Abstract – Standard metabolic rate (SMR, closely related to basal and resting metabolism) varies by up to threefold among juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., of similar size at common temperature. Here, consequences of this variation are predicted by combining empirically derived relationships between SMR, specific dynamic action, energy budgets, water velocity, food level in the environment and food availability to fish. The range of velocities across which growth is predicted to occur is inversely related to a fish’s SMR. Growth is positively related to SMR at high but negatively related to it at low‐food levels. The relationship between food level and the range of velocities over which lower SMR fish can grow but higher SMR fish cannot is asymmetrically bi‐phasic and peaked. It is predicted that maternal manipulation of offspring SMR would generate fitness benefits through bet‐hedging against unpredictability in food level and increases in the overall range of velocities that the family of offspring can occupy and thrive in.     

轻钢结构抗震节能体系在“塞上农民新居”中的应用

针对宁夏地区农民传统住宅抗震性差，建筑外围护结构保温性能差，采暖系统能源消耗量大，环境污染严重等问题，提出采用轻钢结构配以轻质保温板材的轻钢结构抗震节能体系，以期为宁夏农村住宅设计提供指导性建议。     

Specific ion effect of H+ on variably charged soil colloid aggregation

Specific ion effects (Hofmeister effects) have recently attracted the attention of soil scientists, and it has been found that ionic non-classic polarization plays an important role in the specific ion effect in soil. However, this explanation cannot be applied to H⁺. The aim of this work was to characterize the specific ion effect of H⁺ on variably charged soil (yellow soil) colloid aggregation. The total average aggregation (TAA) rate, critical coagulation concentration (CCC), activation energy, and zeta potential were used to characterize and compare the specific ion effects of H⁺, K⁺, and Na⁺. Results showed that strong specific ion effects of H⁺, K⁺, and Na⁺ existed in variably charged soil colloid aggregation. The TAA rate, CCC, and activation energy were sensitive to H⁺, and the addition of a small amount of H⁺ changed the TAA rate, CCC, and activation energy markedly. The zeta potential results indicated that the specific ion effects of H⁺, K⁺, and Na⁺ on soil colloid aggregation were caused by the specific ion effects of H⁺, K⁺, and Na⁺ on the soil electric field strength. In addition, the origin of the specific ion effect for H⁺ was its chemical adsorption onto surfaces, while those for alkali cations were non-classic polarization. This study indicated that H⁺, which occurs naturally in variably charged soils, will dominate variably charged soil colloid aggregation.     

太阳能辅助闭式热源塔热泵系统冬季制热性能

热源塔热泵系统以空气为冷热源,在冬季制热时其性能会随环境温度的降低而降低。为此研发了可应用陕南地区农村建筑的太阳能辅助闭式热源塔热泵系统,试验研究了冬季工况下系统的制热性能,初步分析了太阳热能与空气热能的互补机理。研究结果表明:系统制热量范围为12.1～15.2 k W,热泵机组性能系数范围为2.3～3.5,系统能效比范围为1.5～2.4,供热温度高于41℃;冷却水温度对压缩机耗电量的影响程度大于防冻溶液温度,冷却水平均温度每升高1℃,压缩要耗电量增加98.1 W,而防冻溶液平均温度每升高1℃,压缩机耗电量减小9.5 W;太阳能辅助热源塔热泵制热模式下,热泵机组通过改变防冻溶液与空气和集热工质换热温差的方法来改变防冻溶液从空气和集热水箱中的吸热量,以实现空气热能与太阳热能的互补。建议在实际应用中应避免供热温度过高以减小压缩机耗电;在集热水箱温度较高时通过降低风机频率减小风机耗电以提高系统综合能效,但应避免风机低频率工作可能给机组安全运行带来的隐患。     

不同激励下宽频磁浮俘能器俘能试验

振动能量俘获是获取可再生的清洁能源一种有效途径，具有广阔的应用前景，有利于社会的可持续性发展。目前，随机功率谱激励下的高功率密度和宽频能量回收仍然是研究的难点。该研究设计了一种可有效利用宽频振动能量的高功率密度磁浮式俘能器，采用COMSOL Multiphysics软件计算悬浮磁体非线性回复力与位移的关系式，根据磁浮振动系统的控制方程和基尔霍夫定律建立俘能器的数学模型，详细研究了模型参数变化对俘能器性能的影响。随后进行正弦扫频和驻频试验以验证俘能器的发电能力。同时，从俘能器的效率、效能和体积优质3个指标对俘能性能进行评价；并结合实际应用，设计俘能器稳压电路。根据丘陵山区农业机械工作的随机路谱特性，建立随机激励的数学模型，根据响应幅值的概率密度函数的FPK方程表达式，得到了平稳概率密度函数的解。结果表明：在激励频率从9.77到31.75 Hz变化时，俘能器最大输出电压在5.92和21.52 V之间；最大输出功率在10 Hz时达81.93 mW，从5到50Hz，输出功率范围为5.76到81.93 mW；俘能器的效率、效能和体积优质分别为2.85%，9.85%和39.74%；俘能器电压输出的功率谱密度有5个峰值点，对应频率分别为9.804、29.41、36.76、36.76、51.47和71.08 Hz，进一步验证了该研究提出的磁浮式俘能器具有宽频发电性能，并可满足丘陵山区农机设备监测传感器的供电需求。     

华北地区旅游型村镇住居模式探讨——以保定涞源白石山景区为例

村镇型旅游发展中,旅游者在当地村民家中留宿,村镇的个性化接待和朴素环境让人们赞不绝口,但由于其自发性和无组织性,现在存在设计不得当,经营模式不健全等弊端.研究以河北省涞源县白石山景区为例,分析其存在的问题,旨在为旅游型住居模式的设计与经营提供更为合理的方法与策略.     

不同通风工艺在浅圆仓中应用的研究

在对大豆进行冬季通风作业时,采用正压上行压入式、负压下行吸出式和先负压后正压三种作业方式分阶段进行通风,充分的利用自然冷源,达到降温目的,通过对比三种作业方式的降温效果、水分损耗、降温能耗、人工投入等,并根据粮情,找出最合适的通风方式。